New Russian sanctions 97-2 approved by senate

Senate approves new Russian sanctions 97-2

dailykos.com

Jun 14, 2017 10:53 PM

In a vote that was as close to unanimous as the current Congress is likely to produce on anything more substantial than naming a post office, the Senate passed sanctions designed to punish Russia for interference in the 2016 election.

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This bill would put the force of legislation behind the sanctions that President Barack Obama already imposed following the election, making it more difficult for Donald Trump to remove those sactions—which is something Trump planned from his first days in the White House.

Unknown to the public at the time, top Trump administration officials, almost as soon as they took office, tasked State Department staffers with developing proposals for the lifting of economic sanctions, the return of diplomatic compounds and other steps to relieve tensions with Moscow.

The legislation puts in place a process that has to be followed in relaxing any sanction, making it not just harder for Trump to eliminate them on a whim, but more difficult for Trump or Tillerson to turn the sanctions into bargaining chips.

Additional sanctions in the bill target specific areas of the Russian economy, including mining and shipping.

Voting against the bill were Sen. Mike Lee of Utah, who continues to advocate for Putin and Russia on every occasion, and Rand Paul of Kentucky because … Aqua Buddha? In any case, the question is whether 97 yes votes is enough to keep Donald Trump from saying no.

Kenya in landmark poll ruling

Kenya in landmark poll ruling

thecitizen.co.tz

Jun 24, 2017 8:53 AM

In Summary

Judge William Ouko noted on Friday that it is inconceivable for results announced at this level to be reviewed by the IEBC sitting in Nairobi.

Nairobi. Kenyan presidential results will be announced at constituency level, the Court of Appeal has ruled, saying the Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission (IEBC) “must be above suspicion to command respect from Kenyans”.

Judge William Ouko noted on Friday that it is inconceivable for results announced at this level to be reviewed by the IEBC sitting in Nairobi.

“It is hypocritical for the appellant (IEBC) to doubt the honesty of its own staff [and give this as] the reason to verify the results,” he said.

Ouko noted returning officers are most critical and that constituency level results can only be final given the elaborate safeguards.

“The poling station is the true locus of the expression of the peoples’ will and should not be exposed to risk of variation. The IEBC has the duty to make sure employees pass the integrity test,” he said.

“Accuracy is fundamental in every election. It is the mandate for the IEBC to deliver a free and fair election.”

Other judges who presided over the appeal were Patrick Kiage and Agnes Murgor. This is a win for Nasa, whose bosses threatened in May to boycott the election if the appeal by the electoral agency sailed through.

The IEBC disputed a ruling by the High Court which stated results announced at constituency tallying centres would be used to determine winners. But National Super Alliance leaders said they would not accept an overturned ruling. The coordinating committee led by James Orengo told the electoral agency to withdraw the petition challenging the High Hourt decision on tallying. During the 2013 battle in the Supreme Court, Cord sought to prove that polling station results were altered at Bomas of Kenya which was the national tallying centre. Lawyer Kethi Kilonzo played videos of the announcements of presidential results in some counties, which she said differed from those announced by the electoral commission and reflected in Form 36.     

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Police assure Dar residents of beefed up security during Eid

Police assure Dar residents of beefed up security during Eid

dailynews.co.tz

Jun 24, 2017 7:29 AM

WITH Eid-el-Fitr around the corner, Dar es Salaam Special Police Zone has assured city residents of peaceful festive celebrations as it has heightened security during the festive season.

Speaking to reporters in the city yesterday, Dar es Salaam Special Zone Deputy Commissioner of Police (DCP), Mr Lucas Mkondya, insisted that the ban of children discotheque during the celebrations remain intact as stern measures await the offenders.

He therefore warned those who intend to disrupt peace and harmony during the celebrations that they will face the music. “The aim of intensifying the security is to make sure that Muslims together with their families have happy and peaceful Eid-el-Fitr celebrations,” stressed the Deputy Commissioner who is also the Zonal acting boss.

During the holiday, roads and other places usually become busy especially in beach areas and Commander Mkondya reminded parents and guardians to take good care of their children and stop them from swimming in deep water.

“Parents who will go out with their children must make sure that the children are well taken care of, especially in crowded areas,” he stressed.

He said the police force is well prepared and will be patrolling around entertainment and other areas that are vulnerable to ensure there is peace during the entire festive season.

“We will deploy all units to the streets, including police dogs, horses and other special units in order to make sure there is peace in the region,” he revealed.

He said that pedestrians, drivers, ‘bodaboda’ operators and passengers should sustain from excessive consumption of alcohol to avoid accidents, adding that those who will be caught violating road safety regulations will end up in custody as there will be no fines.

Mr Mkondya called on the public to provide the police with prompt reports of any suspicious activities through 0754 009 980 (RPC ILALA), 0715 009 979/0754 397454 (RPC TEMEKE) and 0715 009 976/0684 111 111 (RPC KINONDONI).

In another development, the Dar es Salaam Special Zone police killed two bandits during a fierce gun battle involving the anti-robbery squad at Kigogo Luhanga and managed to recover a shotgun, pistol and five rounds of ammunition.

“On June 19, this year, our anti-robbery squad received intelligence reports that there were gangsters planning to commit robbery at Kigogo. The bandits opened fire on the police officers who arrived at the scene before the planned robbery could take place,” he narrated.

Expounding further, he said out of four suspected bandits, two were injured but died on the way to hospital, adding that intensive manhunt operation is going-on to net the escaped two bandits.

Smartphone Within Reach Reduces Brain Power

Having Smartphone Within Reach Reduces Brain Power: Study

boldsky.com

Jun 24, 2017 7:00 PM

Having a smartphone within sight or within easy reach - even if it is switched off - can reduce your ability to focus and perform tasks because part of the brain is actively working to not pick up or use the phone, shows an interesting research.

"We see a linear trend that suggests that as the smartphone becomes more noticeable, participants' available cognitive capacity decreases," said Adrian Ward, Assistant Professor at McCombs School of Business at The University of Texas at Austin in the US.

"Your conscious mind isn't thinking about your smartphone, but that process -- the process of requiring yourself to not think about something -- uses up some of your limited cognitive resources. It's a brain drain," Ward explained.

The researchers conducted experiments with nearly 800 smartphone users in an attempt to measure, for the first time, how well people can complete tasks when they have their smartphones nearby even when they are not using them.

In one experiment, the researchers asked study participants to sit at a computer and take a series of tests that required full concentration in order to score well.

The tests were geared to measure participants' available cognitive capacity -- that is, the brain's ability to hold and process data at any given time.

Before beginning, participants were randomly instructed to place their smartphones either on the desk face down, in their pocket or personal bag, or in another room.

All participants were instructed to turn their phones to silent.

The researchers found that participants with their phones in another room significantly outperformed those with their phones on the desk, and they also slightly outperformed those participants who had kept their phones in a pocket or bag.

The findings, published in the Journal of the Association for Consumer Research, suggest that the mere presence of one's smartphone reduces available cognitive capacity and impairs cognitive functioning, even though people feel they are giving their full attention and focus to the task at hand.

In another experiment with similar tests, the researchers found that participants who were the most dependent on their smartphones performed worse compared with their less-dependent peers, but only when they kept their smartphones on the desk or in their pocket or bag.

The experiment also showed that it did not matter whether a person's smartphone was turned on or off, or whether it was lying face up or face down on a desk.

"It's not that participants were distracted because they were getting notifications on their phones," Ward said.

"The mere presence of their smartphone was enough to reduce their cognitive capacity," Ward added.

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Martial artist to battle for taekwondo honours in Seoul

Arusha martial artist to battle for taekwondo honours in Seoul

dailynews.co.tz

Jun 24, 2017 6:53 AM

A LOCAL martial artist has left for South Korea for the World Taekwondo Championship, which will attract more than 2,000 athlete from across the world.

Hailing from Arusha, Athumani Kitunze needs all the guts he can muster in order to ‘swim’ successfully in the large sea of martial artists from across the globe and keep his head high in the Taekwondo championship.

Tanzania will be represented by a single martial artist who has just left to Seoul for the Muju 2017 World Taekwondo Championship commencing today and set to run for a full week in Kitunze, weighing at 54 kilogrammes will be competing among 2,000 other martial artists from 170 countries around the world.

He was accompanied by his coach Joseph Chuwa, who is also the Vice-President for Tanzania Taekwondo Federation (TTF). Chuwa said that lack of cash caused the country to have a single entrant in the Muju event.

Tanzania was supposed to send 24 martial artists in the required three groups including eight men, eight women and eight children, but in the end the country managed to fly just one Taekwondo athlete to Seoul due to what was described as ‘financial constraints.’ Taekwondo, which is a popular martial sport is often claimed to have historical origins on the Korean peninsula, with origins said to have been traced as far back as the 1st century.

Constitution and political change in Tanzania. Katiba Mpya

CONSTITUTIONALISM AND POLITICAL CHANGE IN TANZANIA The normal requirements for enacting a new Constitution

dailynews.co.tz

Jun 15, 2017 1:36 AM

THIS is the third installment in my series of articles under the heading “Constitutionalism and Political change in Tanzania” In the second article, we started discussing the history of Constitution making in Tanzania, in respect of the Constitution of the United Republic. This article is a continuation of that discussion.

The political events which necessitate the making of a new Constitution In the matter of enacting new Constitutions, there are certain political events of a fundamental nature which, when they occur, inevitably necessitate the making of a new Constitution.

The traditional ones are the following:

(i) When there is a change of sovereignty.

(ii) When there is a merger of sovereignty.

(iii) When the previous Constitution had been abrogated, usually as a result of a military coup.

(iv) Where there is need to abandon a totally unacceptable Constitution, such as the apartheid Constitution of South Africa.

(i) When there is a change of sovereignty.

The practice of Constitution-making in Tanzania has generally followed this rule. That is to say, new Constitutions have been enacted only when there was some fundamental political change involving a change of sovereignty.

If it may rightly be called a principle, this principle was established during the making of the Republican Constitution of Tanganyika in 1962, in Prime Minister Kawawa’s statement in Parliament, when he said the following: “Mr Speaker, this Constitution has been prepared in accordance with the proposals contained in Government Paper no. 1 of 1962.

Although the Government Paper referred to the making of amendments to the existing Constitution, we have thought it best to substitute a new and self-contained document to mark such a fundamental change”.

As will be explained later, the fundamental change referred to by the Prime Minister was a change of sovereignty by transferring the country’s sovereignty from the Queen of England who had been the Head of State of Tanganyika, to an elected President of Tanganyika who now became Head of State.

This change of sovereignty is what necessitated the making of a new Constitution, namely the Republican Constitution of Tanganyika. (ii) When there is a merger of sovereignty.

The new Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania of 1977, was a result of another fundamental change involving a merger of sovereignty, when the Republic of Tanganyika united with the Peoples’ Republic of Zanzibar to create a new sovereign state, by the name of the United Republic of Tanzania.

This necessitated the making of a new Constitution for the new sovereign state. (iii) When the previous Constitution has been abrogated. When President Iddi Amin Dada came to power in Uganda through a military coup in January 1971, he abrogated the previous Constitution of Uganda.

Hence, when he was removed from power several years later, it became necessary to enact a new Constitution for Ugan da in order to replace that which had been abrogated.

(iv) When there is need to abandon a totally unacceptable Constitution. When the obnoxious apartheid regime of South Africa was swept from power by the democratic forces led by Nelson Mandela, it was necessary to enact a new Constitution to govern the new democratic South Africa.

‘ There are exceptions to every rule’. But, as the saying goes, “there are exceptions to every rule” The new Constitutions of Kenya, Malawi, and other countries which have opted to enact new Constitutions, which now includes Tanzania, provide the proverbial exception to this rule.

The exception arises when the relevant national Authorities feel that there are good enough reasons for enacting a new Constitution, notwithstanding the fact that no fundamental political change has taken place, such as a change of sovereignty.

In such circumstances, a new Constitution can be created. The ongoing process of making a new Constitution for the United Republic of Tanzania falls into this category, the main reasons being that firstly, there have been repeated demands by the opposition political parties for the enactment of a new Union Constitution.

And secondly, there is the need to accommodate the social, economic and political changes which have taken place since the 1977 Constitution was enacted. These are the factors which influenced the decision to enact an entirely new Constitution of the United republic.

At the time of writing, this new Constitution making process is still on-going.

CONSTITUTIONAL ENGINEERING : THE HISTORY OF CONSTITUTION-MAKING TANZANIA.

It may be worthwhile to start this discussion by reminding our readers about the principal factors which normally influence the processes of Constitution-making; in order to understand how they were applied in similar processes which have taken place in Tanzania over the years.

These factors are:

(a) the political forces which were at work when the relevant Constitution was enacted;

(b) the ‘commonsense’ political considerations of practical convenience at the material time;

(c) the precedents which were applied by the Constitution-makers at that time. Indeed, Constitutionmaking has been a continuous process since Tanganyika’s independence in 1961, and Zanzibar’s independence in 1963.

The political forces which were at work during the enactment of the independence Constitutions of our country had made it necessary for these documents to be drafted and enacted by the British Parliament in London.

The Tanganyika Independence Constitution was actually cited as ‘The Tanganyika (Constitution) Order in Council, 1961; and was published in the Tanganyika Official Gazette as GN 415 dated 1/12/1961.

Its provisions preserved the British Queen Elizabeth the Second as Head of State of Tanganyika. Similarly, the Zanzibar independence Constitution of 1963 was crafted in London and enacted by the British Parliament.

Like the Tanganyika Independence Constitution, the Zanzibar independence Constitution also included a provision which preserved the Sultan of Zanzibar as Head of State.

That Constitution was abrogated only one month after its coming into force, following the January 12th Revolution which overthrew the feudal monarchy. We do not intend to dwell on these independence Constitutions, simply because they were not made in Tanzania, they were actually imports from London.

We therefore prefer to discuss the chosen topic of ‘Constitutionalism and political change’ in relation only to the period after independence, in respect of those Constitutions which were actually ‘made in Tanzania’.

A brief history of Constitution-making processes in Tanzania. The process of Constitution-making after independence has resulted in the enactment of the following new Constitutions:

(i)The Constitution of the Republic of Tanganyika, 1962.

(ii)The Zanzibar (Constitutional Government and Rule of Law) Decree 1964.

(iii)The Interim Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania, 1965.

(iv)The Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania, 1977.

(v)The Constitution of Zanzibar, 1979.

(vi) The Constitution of Zanzibar, 1984.

In the paragraphs which follow below, we will examine the historical factors and other circumstances which surrounded the enactment of each of these Constitutions. The Constitution of the Republic of Tanganyika, 1962.

The Republican Constitution was enacted on 23rd November 1962, by a Constituent Assembly which had been established for that purpose.

The Republican Constitution had to be a new Constitution because it satisfied the requirement of ‘change of sovereignty’; for in this particular case, there was a transfer of sovereignty from the Queen of England as Head of State of Tanganyika, to the President of Tanganyika.

The historical circumstances surrounding its adoption. The change of sovereignty occurred because the independence Constitution had given Tanganyika what is known as ‘Dominion status’.

This is a rather complex constitutional arrangement which creates a separation of powers between the Head of State and the Head of Government. Hence under this arrangement, the Queen of England became the Head of State of Tanganyika, and Mwalimu Julius Nyerere became Prime Minister and Head of Government.

In practice, this meant that Tanganyika basically continued to be governed by the Queen of England in her capacity as Tanganyika’s Head of State. She was represented here in the country by a Governor-General whom she appointed.

The Governor-General had the authority, on behalf of the Queen, to give assent to laws which were enacted by the National Assembly of Tanganyika, and to carry out any other duties which are constitutionally the responsibility of the Head of State.

This complex constitutional arrangement did not make sense to the majority of the people of Tanganyika, who could not understand the rationale of the country being independent under such circumstances!

Thus, acting on ‘the commonsense consideration of practical convenience’, it was decided to enact a new Constitution which the people could more easily understand, and which accords with their concept of independence.

The end result was the Republican Constitution, which removed the said Dominion status, and replaced it with the Republican status., which combined the powers and authority of the Head of State with those of the Head of Government, and placed them in the hands of the President, who was to be elected directly by the people of Tanganyika themselves.

South Sudan nominees for EALA post revoked

South Sudan nominees for EALA post revoked

dailynews.co.tz

Jun 16, 2017 7:35 AM

THE tale of the new nominees to the fourth East African Legislative Assembly (EALA) has taken a new twist, as South Sudan’s Transitional National Legislative Assembly (TNLA) revokes its resolution confirming nine members to the august House.

This action comes as the East African Court of Justice (EACJ) was getting ready to hear inter-parties an application filed by Mr Wani Santino Jada, asserting that the act of President Salva Kiir who appointed, by decree, nine persons to represent the partner-state in EALA was in violation of Article 50 of the Treaty for the Establishment of the East African Community (EAC).

Mr Jada, a 22-year-old citizen of the Republic of South Sudan, had earlier obtained an ex-parte order from EACJ, restraining administering the oath of office, or otherwise recognizing nominees from the Republic of South Sudan pending the hearing yesterday.

Before a panel of judges, under EACJ Principal Judge, Monica Mugenyi, the first two respondents, Attorney General of the Republic of South Sudan, and the Speaker of the Parliament of South Sudan admitted that the appointment and consequent confirmation violated Article 50 of the EAC establishment Treaty.

The South Sudan Justice Minister, Mr James Mayena Oka and Clerk of South Sudan Transitional National Legislative Assembly, Alalla Younis Said told the Court that having learnt of the violation fact, the South Sudan TNLA revoked the approval of the nine nominees and that new elections would have to be held, at least by next week, to meet requirements of Article 50.

On the bench, there were also the EACJ Deputy Principal Judge, Isaac Lenaola and judges Faustin Ntezilyayo, Fakihi Jundu and Audace Ngiye. After the Court was notified of changes in the current state of affairs in regards to the appointments and approval, Mr Jada withdrew his application as it was likely to be rendered an academic exercise.

The respondents conceded that the President of South Sudan has no mandate to appoint EALA members. They also produced a letter revoking the appointments signed by the speaker of the Parliament.

Consequently a consent was filed to the effect that the appointed members of EALA from South Sudan is revoked and that it would prepare the election rules to comply with Article 50 of the Treaty and that they will repeat the exercise after approving their election rules. The third respondent was EAC Secretary General.

Reports reaching the ‘Daily News’ here had it that the South Sudan MPs supported a motion raised by Chairperson of Legislation and Legal Affairs Committee, Mr Dengtiel Ayuen Kur, who formed an opinion that it would be just to withdraw the parliamentary approval of the nine members who were confirmed by the assembly in March this year.

Mr Kur was quoted as saying in TNLA that although South Sudan sent its members to the Assembly, it had turned out that some basic requirements of the Treaty were not met.

Actress Emma Watson takes feminist book happening to Paris

Actress Emma Watson takes feminist book happening to Paris

guardian.ng

Jun 23, 2017 6:30 AM

Emma Watson

“Harry Potter” star Emma Watson spent Thursday hiding copies of Margaret Atwood’s classic novel “The Handmaid’s Tale” across Paris to promote feminism.

“I’m hiding copies all over Paris!” the actor best known for playing Hermione Granger said on Twitter.

Atwood’s 1985 novel which has now been turned into a hit television series starring Elisabeth Moss of “Mad Men” fame — is about a dystopian world where women are reduced to being the child-bearing slaves of male masters.

The British actress a goodwill ambassador for the UN on women’s rights — left about 100 copies of the book in various spots across the French capital, according to the website of the Livres Hebdo magazine.

Watson, 27, set up the feminist reading group “Our Shared Shelf” last year which has now nearly 200,000 members.

She carried out a similar exercise across the Channel in November, leaving copies of Maya Angelou’s memoir “Mom & Me & Mom” on the London Underground, and in New York in March.

The idea is that readers might chance upon the books and be inspired by them.

To make sure all the books are found, the Twitter account “The Book Fairies” has been leaving clues as to where the copies were left.

Filming Predator in the Mexican Jungle Sounded Like Absolute Hell

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

follow the link http://www.esquire.com/entertainment/movies/news/a55800/predator-filming-conditions/

Wa-Iraqw,One of the Unique Tribe found in Tanzania but Originated from Mesopotamia/Iraq

    Wa-Iraqw or Wairaki are the largest ethnic-speaking community of Ethiopians and found in Manyara Region Mbulu districts, Babati, Hanang and in Arusha Region Karatu district.
The people of this tribe have ethnic backgrounds relationship with Gorowa, Burungi and Alawa who live in Babati and Kondoa districts. History takes us through oral tribal Iraqw, which says the source of generation comes from ancient people who were living in the area of ​​Mesopotamia or Iraq in nowdays.
Frequently War and conflicts led these people to leave their homes of origin in the fourth century to sixth after the birth of Christ. Iraqw crossed the Red Sea by boat and landing in Ethiopia, where they lived for a while and then continue moving towards the Southwest through the rift valley along Lake Victoria and set up the camp when they saw it is a safe area
Because they do not like war, continued migration fleeing war from different places when their trying to set up camp. They passed through the central route of Iramba Singida Region border of Dodoma and Iringa where they met with the struggle of Hehe, Nguni and Wazimba.
This situation forced to change the way and turn to the north to a place called part of Kondoa Guser Tuwalay and living area, while busy in farming and small-scale farming. However, a misunderstanding occurred between them and the peoples of Barabaig which led to war.
Although they were fearful of war but they designed the weapons of defense against war. They used spears and arrows carved with wood model of an iron spear used nowadays. They also used sharp stones and later discovered tools made by clay and dried with fire, blazing like a brick.
However Iraqw were defeated and refuge near Mount Hanang then divided the rest were heading up the mountain Dabil Guser and Gangaru where they made the tabernacle. Iraqw were the hierarchy leading from the family, clan, tribe and the whole society of Iraqw were dominated by Kahamusmo who is the chief leader. Lead by assistant called Yaabusmo.Each works for his position.

It is generally more affluent tribes to cooperate in various activities nation-building; “They were folk healers known by name to the entire community.Stories say that Iraqis were prominent leader in the name of Haymu Tipe who led an expedition to deploy his men in a safe area stabilized to satisfy their thirst to live in peace and build a community of love and solidarity.Haymu came a lake section and is said to have ordered his slave popularly known as Moya to shuttle the lake so as people can get enough area. Moya obeyed his leader then use magic to transfer the lake by shoot an arrow to the middle of the lake.
The Servant who alleged that he did and transfer the lake with him in the Rift Valley and now known as Lake Manyara and save Chirag they call “Tlawta Moya” aimed at maintaining the name of Moya. After the shift leader’s lake continued to live there with his men and continued scattered in areas like Muray, Kuta, Amoa, Kainam, suum, Datlaa, Tsaayo Mbulu.
Later on Iraqw  were scattered on parts of Karatu, Babati and Hanang as their safe lands until today. Some traditions and customs are similar to Jewish E.g Iraqw use sheep in the community especially for traditional ceremonies and sacrifice the same as Jewish tradition. Face and Skin color are indication that Iraqw originating from North Africa and the Middle East to be closer to the people of North Africa than Bantu and Maasai who live nearby and Iraqw.However Iraqw have interacted and intermarried with neighboring Bantu tribes and it was difficult to lose their color with Bantu. Now some people are no different from Bantu and can distinguish the unique of language with Semitic remarks and dwell so do Iraqw tribe have a completely different language and ethnic groups.
Also in their language there are similar words in Arabic. Example when Iraqw are using the word to mean water “maai” Arabs use the word “maa”. Temperatures in the language of Iraq is “hame” while Arabic is “hami”. One for Iraq and the Arab “Wak” and in Arab is wahed.Other terms are like “Aning” to Iraqw while in Arabic is “ana” it has, meaning of me. The word “difficult” for Iraqw is “gawit” while Arabic is “gawi”. From these examples it is clear that they can listen to each other Iraqw and Arabs than other Bantu tribes and Nilotic. Iraqw tribe are engaged in agriculture and animal husbandry
Their recipe originated with fire acquired through tree borer known as Bui and Daha where the fire is obtained by rub and course friction to occur. However they were left to rely on meat as a staple food and instead began to eat foods from grains especially after the start engaging with the cultivation of sorghum, millet, sorghum and cowpea was their vegetables.Grains were kept in the storehouse of nature known as Kuntay that developed in cattle faeces. It also leaves a kind of natural wood and ashes of the cow faeces were used in stored grain from insect attacks. The ashes of the leaves and grains combined and renders like existing drugs
These grains grilled using stone hand and flour was used for preparing meals especially the popular one soft as Xwante. It is like porridge and soups recover. Corn also is used to make alcoholic nature which serves as refreshments during traditional ceremonies.Traditional economy of Iraqw depends on farming, agriculture, and manufacturing of various agricultural tools and protection. There was no trading in cash but was exchanged property or livestock to equipment or tools. However, Iraqw now have changed some things in the form of their lives and spend money different dealers.As for the Iraqi tribes differ in customs with other ethnic groups especially in the upbringing of children, marriage, dress, dance and the whole system of daily life. According to Iraqw tribe a baby girl and boy is born and grows and taught good values ​​to live and work.
Mothers have the responsibility of teaching girls how to live with husband, raise a family and techniques to cope with modern life. The male child is taught by men from the training emphasizes the importance of having good morals, love and solidarity in society and independent approach to deal with different challenges as head of household.Iraqw are among groups that previously refused to send their children to school for fear that education from Western powers would lead to deviation or leaving their children their culture.However, now they have the awareness to send children to school even though there are still parents who withhold male children go to school so that they work mainly grazing while girls who enabled an early age so that parents can increase income through dowry. Iraqw had used the original order to maintain peace in the community.
Those who missed arraigned in courts traditionally where penalties were issued for customs procedures based on the type and seriousness of the offense. Before making judgment errors all happened in the community are discussed by a jury consisting of women and men who provide wise decisions.As in modern court, the Council of arbitration of the elders of Iraq gave the offender an opportunity to express themselves and defend themselves before giving judgment. If the suspect is a woman then women were given the opportunity to discuss the relevant offense if the offender is a male men discussed first before involving women offer a collective decision given life sentence and the entire community.
Those who missed arraigned in courts traditionally where penalties were issued for customs procedures based on the type and seriousness of the offense. Before making judgment errors all happened in the community are discussed by a jury consisting of women and men who provide wise decisions.As in modern court, the Council of arbitration of the elders of Iraq gave the offender an opportunity to express themselves and defend themselves before giving judgment. If the suspect is a woman then women were given the opportunity to discuss the relevant offense if the offender is a male men discussed first before involving women offer a collective decision given life sentence and the entire community. The accused were found guilty were fined proven customary known as “Dohho” or were ordered to pay compensation to the complainant. The accused who pleaded not guilty even though no evidence had been sentenced to isolation and communities Also in case there is no evidence that the complainant and the respondent were bound to prove that everything he says is correct. If someone lied curse struck the lion so it was very rare for someone to falsely swear that I held him curse him and his descendants. Iraqw used the roots and leaves of trees as a cure for various diseases.The roots boiled or crushing and mixed with water and given to patients and patient is said to drink the drug and recovered shortly. Like other Iraqi tribes have a rich history of culture, customs and practices that allow the Tanzania have been among the countries with great cultural heritage and antiquities.

Frequently War and conflicts led these people to leave their homes of origin in the fourth century to sixth after the birth of Christ. Iraqw crossed the Red Sea by boat and landing in Ethiopia, where they lived for a while and then continue moving towards the Southwest through the rift valley along Lake Victoria and set up the camp when they saw it is a safe area Because they do not like war, continued migration fleeing war from different places when their trying to set up camp. They passed through the central route of Iramba Singida Region border of Dodoma and Iringa where they met with the struggle of Hehe, Nguni and Wazimba. This situation forced to change the way and turn to the north to a place called part of Kondoa Guser Tuwalay and living area, while busy in farming and small-scale farming. However, a misunderstanding occurred between them and the peoples of Barabaig which led to war. Although they were fearful of war but they designed the weapons of defense against war. They used spears and arrows carved with wood model of an iron spear used nowadays. They also used sharp stones and later discovered tools made by clay and dried with fire, blazing like a brick. However Iraqw were defeated and refuge near Mount Hanang then divided the rest were heading up the mountain Dabil Guser and Gangaru where they made the tabernacle. Iraqw were the hierarchy leading from the family, clan, tribe and the whole society of Iraqw were dominated by Kahamusmo who is the chief leader.
Lead by assistant called Yaabusmo.Each works for his position. It is generally more affluent tribes to cooperate in various activities nation-building; “They were folk healers known by name to the entire community.Stories say that Iraqis were prominent leader in the name of Haymu Tipe who led an expedition to deploy his men in a safe area stabilized to satisfy their thirst to live in peace and build a community of love and solidarity.Haymu came a lake section and is said to have ordered his slave popularly known as Moya to shuttle the lake so as people can get enough area. Moya obeyed his leader then use magic to transfer the lake by shoot an arrow to the middle of the lake. The Servant who alleged that he did and transfer the lake with him in the Rift Valley and now known as Lake Manyara and save Chirag they call “Tlawta Moya” aimed at maintaining the name of Moya. After the shift leader’s lake continued to live there with his men and continued scattered in areas like Muray, Kuta, Amoa, Kainam, suum, Datlaa, Tsaayo Mbulu. Later on Iraqw  were scattered on parts of Karatu, Babati and Hanang as their safe lands until today. Some traditions and customs are similar to Jewish E.g Iraqw use sheep in the community especially for traditional ceremonies and sacrifice the same as Jewish tradition. Face and Skin color are indication that Iraqw originating from North Africa and the Middle East to be closer to the people of North Africa than Bantu and Maasai who live nearby and Iraqw.However Iraqw have interacted and intermarried with neighboring Bantu tribes and it was difficult to lose their color with Bantu. Now some people are no different from Bantu and can distinguish the unique of language with Semitic remarks and dwell so do Iraqw tribe have a completely different language and ethnic groups.
Also in their language there are similar words in Arabic. Example when Iraqw are using the word to mean water “maai” Arabs use the word “maa”. Temperatures in the language of Iraq is “hame” while Arabic is “hami”. One for Iraq and the Arab “Wak” and in Arab is wahed.Other terms are like “Aning” to Iraqw while in Arabic is “ana” it has, meaning of me. The word “difficult” for Iraqw is “gawit” while Arabic is “gawi”. From these examples it is clear that they can listen to each other Iraqw and Arabs than other Bantu tribes and Nilotic. Iraqw tribe are engaged in agriculture and animal husbandry Their recipe originated with fire acquired through tree borer known as Bui and Daha where the fire is obtained by rub and course friction to occur. However they were left to rely on meat as a staple food and instead began to eat foods from grains especially after the start engaging with the cultivation of sorghum, millet, sorghum and cowpea was their vegetables.Grains were kept in the storehouse of nature known as Kuntay that developed in cattle faeces. It also leaves a kind of natural wood and ashes of the cow faeces were used in stored grain from insect attacks. The ashes of the leaves and grains combined and renders like existing drugs.
These grains grilled using stone hand and flour was used for preparing meals especially the popular one soft as Xwante. It is like porridge and soups recover. Corn also is used to make alcoholic nature which serves as refreshments during traditional ceremonies.Traditional economy of Iraqw depends on farming, agriculture, and manufacturing of various agricultural tools and protection. There was no trading in cash but was exchanged property or livestock to equipment or tools. However, Iraqw now have changed some things in the form of their lives and spend money different dealers.As for the Iraqi tribes differ incustoms with other ethnic groups especially in the upbringing of children, marriage, dress, dance and the whole system of daily life. According to Iraqw tribe a baby girl and boy is born and grows and taught good values ​​to live and work. Mothers have the responsibility of teaching girls how to live with husband, raise a family and techniques to cope with modern life.
The male child is taught by men from the training emphasizes the importance of having good morals, love and solidarity in society and independent approach to deal with different challenges as head of household.Iraqw are among groups that previously refused to send their children to school for fear that education from Western powers would lead to deviation or leaving their children their culture.However, now they have the awareness to send children to school even though there are still parents who withhold male children go to school so that they work mainly grazing while girls who enabled an early age so that parents can increase income through dowry.
Iraqw had used the original order to maintain peace in the community. Those who missed arraigned in courts traditionally where penalties were issued for customs procedures based on the type and seriousness of the offense. Before making judgment errors all happened in the community are discussed by a jury consisting of women and men who provide wise decisions.As in modern court, the Council of arbitration of the elders of Iraq gave the offender an opportunity to express themselves and defend themselves before giving judgment.
If the suspect is a woman then women were given the opportunity to discuss the relevant offense if the offender is a male men discussed first before involving women offer a collective decision given life sentence and the entire community. The accused were found guilty were fined proven customary known as “Dohho” or were ordered to pay compensation to the complainant. The accused who pleaded not guilty even though no evidence had been sentenced to isolation and communitiesAlso in case there is no evidence that the complainant and the respondent were bound to prove that everything he says is correct.
If someone lied curse struck the lion so it was very rare for someone to falsely swear that I held him curse him and his descendants. Iraqw used the roots and leaves of trees as a cure for various diseases.The roots boiled or crushing and mixed with water and given to patients and patient is said to drink the drug and recovered shortly. Like other Iraqi tribes have a rich history of culture, customs and practices that allow the Tanzania have been among the countries with great cultural heritage and antiquities.
Iraqw have two kinds of traditional dances. Mosi inner drum that is wedding. This dance goes on a female child is married or boyfriend is married. As Mudeli popular songs sung during weddings aiming to congratulate the groom and the bride, and these songs sung by women. The second most popular dances like Gilo is played out an open area and is played every year at harvest time as a sign of joy and gratitude to God.
When placing a celebration of thanksgiving for the year, have Iraqw application procedure known as Slufay with Giriyda. Giriyda are songs known to apply good things and avoid bad things. Also songs like Sibeli is known to mothers for the purpose of giving thanks to God. Iraqw traditional dress is skin. These were smoothed skin renders properly sewn sheets, skirts or khanga.
The male garment was the same as that covered sheets. The female garment was small sheets renders skirts and scarves. Also men and women wore shoes made with leather. However culture wear traditional clothes has begun lost and now a large number of Iraqis wear normal clothes.

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